Do CT Scans Increase Cancer Risk? New Study Reveals 1 in 20 U.S. Cases Linked to Imaging
Computed tomography (CT) scans have become an integral part of diagnostic imaging in U.S. healthcare, providing detailed insights into various medical conditions. However, a recent study reveals a troubling aspect: CT scans could be responsible for as much as 5% of annual cancer diagnoses in the United States. Before opting for a CT scan, it’s crucial to weigh the benefits against potential risks with your healthcare provider.
Computed tomography scans, commonly known as CT scans, are advanced imaging tools that allow healthcare professionals to look inside the body’s structures with remarkable precision. They help in diagnosing conditions, monitoring treatment effectiveness, and locating injuries or tumors. Despite their undeniable value, there is emerging evidence that suggests these scans may increase cancer risk due to exposure to ionizing radiation.
According to a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine, CT scans could account for approximately 5% of cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. This study builds upon previous research that has long indicated the potential dangers linked to ionizing radiation exposure, which can lead to DNA damage.
Dr. Rebecca Smith-Bindman, the lead author of the study and a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, explains, “Some of that damage can be repaired. But some of it persists, and that’s what leads to known cancer.” This highlights the importance of addressing the hidden risks associated with CT imaging.
Understanding the Impact of CT Scans on Cancer Risk
How often do CT scans lead to cancer cases? Past studies have attempted to quantify this, but with the increasing utilization of CT scans—approximately 30% more than in 2007—it’s essential to update our understanding of their risks.
- As of 2023, around 93 million CT scans were performed on 61.5 million Americans.
- Researchers estimated the type of scans, patient demographics, and radiation doses for these tests.
- Using data from the National Cancer Institute, they calculated that these scans could ultimately cause around 103,000 cancers.
These cancers could affect vital organs, including the lungs, colon, bladder, and breast. This estimation is significant, as Dr. Smith-Bindman points out, “For something to account for 5% of all cancers is pretty significant.” To put this in perspective, well-known risk factors like obesity and heavy alcohol consumption cause similar proportions of cancer diagnoses.
It’s crucial to note that the figures in this study are based on statistical models, not actual patient outcomes. Dr. Patricia Nguyen from Stanford University emphasizes that drawing definite conclusions from such models can be misleading. She aligns with the American College of Radiology’s stance, which advocates for the necessity of medical imaging that may be life-saving.
Is It Safe to Get a CT Scan?
Despite the potential risks, CT scans often provide critical information that can aid in urgent medical situations. Dr. Max Wintermark, chair of the neuroradiology department at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, highlights that CT scans can be invaluable in emergencies, such as identifying life-threatening injuries quickly.
While many cases warrant the use of CT imaging, alternatives exist, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasounds, which do not expose patients to radiation. It’s vital for patients to engage with their healthcare providers about the necessity of a CT scan. Here are some key questions to consider:
- Why is a CT scan being recommended?
- What does the physician hope to learn from it?
- Will the results influence treatment decisions?
If the scan doesn’t contribute significantly to patient care or there is a lower-risk alternative available, it may be prudent to reconsider the need for a CT scan.
“Reducing unnecessary tests is one way to lower cancer risk,” explains Dr. Smith-Bindman. “Additionally, requesting the lowest effective radiation dose is advisable for those requiring a CT.”
Identifying High-Risk Groups
Understanding who is most at risk of complications from CT scans is critical, particularly for children. The study found that younger patients, especially babies under one year, have a tenfold increased risk of developing cancer compared to older individuals. This heightened risk is likely due to the ongoing development of their bodies.
Nevertheless, adults account for a significant portion of CT scans conducted, resulting in a higher number of predicted cancer cases, totaling about 93,000 out of the 103,000 estimated.
Despite the study’s unsettling findings, patients should feel reassured knowing that each CT scan is overseen by a trained team of experts. Dr. Wintermark assures, “Radiologists take these findings seriously and strive to minimize risks and explore alternative testing options.”
Ultimately, informed discussions between patients and their doctors are essential to balancing the benefits and potential downsides of CT scans.
