FDA Finally Bans Red Dye No. 3 in Food Products: A 30-Year Journey from Rat Cancer Link to Consumer Safety
The recent ban on red dye No. 3 by the FDA stands as a significant step towards enhancing consumer safety. This synthetic color additive, widely used in various food products and oral medications for its vibrant cherry-red hue, has now come under scrutiny due to alarming health concerns. Advocates have long argued that red dye No. 3 could pose various health risks, particularly to children. Below, we’ll explore the details surrounding this ban, the implications for consumers, and advice for avoiding such additives in your diet.
The FDA has officially implemented a ban on red dye No. 3 in food and ingested drugs, which was announced on a Wednesday. This move reflects growing concerns about the safety of synthetic color additives. The FDA cited evidence linking red dye No. 3 to various health problems, including cancer in animal studies.
In fact, research conducted years ago indicated that red dye No. 3 could potentially cause cancer in rats. This scientific insight led to the initial ban of red dye No. 3 in cosmetics and topical medications back in 1990. A pressing need for regulatory changes resurfaced after a petition for a color additive ban was put forth in November 2022 by several advocate groups, including the Environmental Working Group (EWG).
Ken Cook, co-founder and president of the EWG, commented on the FDA’s decision, stating, “Today’s action by the FDA marks a monumental victory for consumer health and safety. For years, Red 3 remained in food products, despite growing evidence linking it to health problems, particularly in kids.”
What is Red Dye No. 3?
Red dye No. 3, also known as erythrosine, is a petroleum-based colorant that enhances the visual appeal of numerous food items. Some common products containing this additive include:
- Candy
- Icing
- Frozen desserts
- Certain oral medications
Despite its widespread use, the FDA’s latest findings suggest that red dye No. 3 is a carcinogen primarily in rats, not humans. According to their announcement, “Claims that the use of FD&C Red No. 3 in food and ingested drugs puts people at risk are not supported by the available scientific information.” Nevertheless, the existing data was sufficient to warrant a ban in food products and medications.
In addition to its potential cancer risks, studies have also indicated that red dye No. 3 could be associated with attention and behavioral issues in children, as well as potential reproductive harm.
Monica L. Wang, ScD, an associate professor at Boston University School of Public Health, expressed her concerns, stating, “There is growing scientific evidence that this is an unnecessary and harmful additive that can be removed from our food supply.” She further emphasized that it would be sensible to eliminate such substances from diets.
What are the Implications of the Ban?
The FDA’s ban will commence in 2027, giving food manufacturers until January 15, 2027, to eliminate red dye No. 3 from their products, while drug manufacturers are allowed until January 18, 2028.
In the meantime, health experts like Dr. Wang suggest that consumers actively check food and medication ingredient lists for red dye No. 3 and remain vigilant about other additives. She advised avoiding products containing:
- Red dye No. 40
- Yellow dyes No. 5 and No. 6
- Blue dyes No. 1 and No. 2
- Green dye No. 3
Studies have linked these food dyes to neurobehavioral issues in children, making it essential for parents and guardians to be aware of what their children are consuming.
Wang concluded that the FDA’s decision to ban red dye No. 3 could pave the way toward heightened scrutiny of other harmful food additives. “This is a win for everyone,” she added. “It’s a very positive step.”
As more attention is drawn to the implications of color additives, consumers are urged to be proactive in choosing products that prioritize health over artificial enhancements.
